Muhammad

Muhammad
Selawat ^(id)
Ngaran dalam basa asal	(ar) أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ
Biografi (id)
Diranakakan	(ar) مُحَمَّدٌ ; Makkah (id)
Kamatian	8 Juni 632 (61 tahun (id) terjemahkan); Madinah (id)
Tempat pemakaman (id)	Makam Muhammad (id) ; Kubah Hijau (id)
Agama (id)	Hanif (id) wan Islam
Kegiatan (id)
Gawian	Malahakan, consignor (en) , pedagang (id) , Nabi Islam (id) , pengkhotbah (id) , politikus (id) wan military leader (en)
Tertarik dengan (id)	Monoteisme (id) , Islam, Al-Qur'an wan Islamic state (en)
Murid (id)	Anas bin Malik (id) , Abdullah bin Abbas (id) wan `Uqbah bin Amir (id)
Konflik (id)	Daftar ekspedisi Muhammad (id) , Pertempuran Badar (id) , Pertempuran Uhud (id) , Pertempuran Khandaq (id) , Pertempuran Khaibar (id) , Pertempuran Hunain (id) wan Ekspedisi Tabuk (id)
Karya kreatif (id)
	Karya terkenal (id) (631) Al-Qur'an ;
Keluarga (id)
Keluarga (id)	Bani Hasyim (id)
Pasangan nikah (id)	Khadijah binti Khuwailid (id) (595–619); Saudah binti Zum'ah (id) (619–632); Aisyah (id) (619–632); Hafshah binti Umar (id) (624–632); Zainab binti Khuzaimah (id) (625–627); Zainab binti Jahsy (id) (627–632); Juwairiyah binti al-Harits (id) (628–632); Ramlah binti Abu Sufyan (id) (628–632); Raihanah binti Zaid (id) (629–631); Shafiyah binti Huyay (id) (629–632); Hindun binti Abi Umayyah (id) (629–632); Maria al-Qabtiyya (id) (630–632); Maimunah binti al-Harits (id) (630–632)
Anak (id)	Abd-Allah bin Muhammad (id) ; Qasim bin Muhammad (id) ; Ibrahim bin Muhammad (id) ; Zainab binti Muhammad (id) ; Ruqayyah binti Muhammad (id) ; Ummu Kultsum binti Muhammad (id) ; Fatimah az-Zahra (id)
Kuitan	Abdullah bin Syaibah (id) , Aminah binti Wahab (id)
Saudara (id)	tanpa nilai
Kerabat (id)	Ali bin Abi Thalib (id) (son-in-law (en) , male pure masculine first cousin (en) ); Halimah As-Sa'diyah (id) (milk kinship (en) ); Hamzah bin Abdul-Muththalib (id) (paternal uncle (en) , milk kinship (en) ); Abu Thalib (id) (paternal uncle (en) ); Syaibah bin Hâsyim (id) (kakek dari pihak ayah (id) ); Hasan bin Ali (id) (daughter's son (en) ); Husain bin Ali (id) (daughter's son (en) ); Zainab binti Ali (id) (daughter's daughter (en) )

Muhammad tu pulitisi Arab, komandan pérang, pamimpipin kaagamaan, pandiri agama Islam, awan nabi wan rusul taakhir ujar Muslim. Inya diwahyuakan uleh Tuhan (Allah) sabuah kitab suci nang dingarani al-Qur'an.^[1]

Ujaran tradisi Islam, Muhammad diranakakan di Mekah nang dikuasai uleh suku Quraisy, pas tahun paranakannya, raja Abrahah dari Yaman mangirim pasukan bagajah gasan mahancurkan Kabah di Mekah; tahun tu dingarani uleh urang Arab sajadi Tahun Gajah. ^[2]

Muhammad diranakakan sajadi Yatim, abahnya, Abdullah maninggal sataan pang umaknya maranakakannya. Umaknya maninggal pas Muhammad baumur anam tahun. Inya digaduh uleh kaiknya, Abdul Mutalib sampai inya baumur 8 tahun. Pas kaiknya maninggal dunia, inya digaduh amangnya, Abu Talib.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Muhammad didatangi malaikat Jibril hatan inya ada di Gua Hira di Jabal Nur. Inya diwahyuakan surah al-Alaq hayat 1 sampai 5. Inya kawin awan Khadijah binti Khuwailid.

Jajuhutan[babak | babak asal-mulanya]

^ "Early Years". Al-Islam.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2018.
^ Howarth, Stephen. Knights Templar. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8264-8034-7 p. 199.
^ Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009.
^ Esposito 2002, hlm. 4–5.
^ Esposito 1998, hlm. 9,12.

Bacaan lanjutan[babak | babak asal-mulanya]

Cari tahu masalah Muhammad di proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
	Arti wan tarjamahan matan Wiktionary
	Gambar wan media matan Commons
	Barita matan Wikinews
	Kutipan matan Wikiquote
	Tulisan sumbar matan Wikisource
	Buku matan Wikibuku

Ardic, Nurullah (21 August 2012). Islam and the Politics of Secularism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-48984-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 January 2018.
Ahmad, Anis(2009). "Dīn".The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.Ed. John L. Esposito.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ahmed, Leila (1986). "Women and the Advent of Islam". Signs. 11 (4): 665–91. doi:10.1086/494271.
Ali, Kecia (2014). The Lives of Muhammad. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-74448-6.
Ali, Muhammad Mohar (1997). The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists. King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an. ISBN 978-9960-770-68-0.
Armstrong, Karen (1992). Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Harpercollins. ISBN 978-0-06-250886-7.
Awde, Nicholas (2000). Women in Islam: An Anthology from the Quran and Hadith. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1012-6.
Ballard, Harold Wayne; Donald N. Penny; W. Glenn Jonas (2002). A Journey of Faith: An Introduction to Christianity. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554-746-9.
Barlas, Asma (2002). Believing Women in Islam. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70904-1.
Bogle, Emory C. (1998). Islam: Origin and Belief. Texas University Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70862-4.
Brown, Daniel (2003). A New Introduction to Islam. Blackwell Publishing Professional. ISBN 978-0-631-21604-9.
Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2011). Muhammad: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955928-2.
Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-78074-420-9.
Bullough, Vern L; Brenda Shelton; Sarah Slavin (1998). The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2369-5.
Cimino, Richard (December 2005). ""No God in Common": American Evangelical Discourse on Islam after 9/11". Review of Religious Research. 47 (2): 162–74. doi:10.2307/3512048. JSTOR 3512048.
Cohen, Mark R. (1995). Under Crescent and Cross (edisi ke-Reissue). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01082-3.
Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016.
Curtis, Michael (2009). Orientalism and Islam: European Thinkers on Oriental Despotism in the Middle East and India. New York: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 31. ISBN 978-0-521-76725-5.
Dakake, Maria Massi (2008). The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7033-6.
"Muhammad". Dictionary.com Unabridged (edisi ke-4th). Random House, Inc. 2022.
Donner, Fred (1998). Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing. Darwin Press. ISBN 978-0-87850-127-4.
Ernst, Carl (2004). Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5577-5.
Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (edisi ke-3rd). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4.
Esposito, John (1999). The Islamic Threat: Myth Or Reality?. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513076-8.
Esposito, John (2002). What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. *

Esposito, John, ed. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. hlm. 198. ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0. Diakses tanggal 19 June 2012.

Esposito, John (2011). What everyone needs to know about Islam (edisi ke-2). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979413-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 September 2015.
Farah, Caesar (1994). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (edisi ke-5th). Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 978-0-8120-1853-0.
Glubb, John Bagot (2002) [1970]. The Life and Times of Muhammad. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-8154-1176-5.
Goldman, Elizabeth (1995). Believers: spiritual leaders of the world. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508240-1.
Goldman, Ann; Richard Hain; Stephen Liben (2006). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852653-7.
Goddard, Hugh (2000). "The First Age of Christian-Muslim Interaction (c. 830/215)". A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 34–41. ISBN 978-1-56663-340-6.
"Mohammed".Jewish Encyclopedia.(1906).Kopelman Foundation.
Haaren, John Henry; Addison B. Poland (1904). Famous Men of the Middle Ages. University Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-882514-05-2.
Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". 27 Fordham International Law Journal 195.
Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam (edisi ke-paperback). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4.
Hourani, Albert; Ruthven, Malise (2003). A History of the Arab Peoples. Belknap Press; Revised edition. ISBN 978-0-674-01017-8.
ibn Isa, Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi) (2011). Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah (Hardcover) (dalam bahasa Arab and Melayu). Malaysia: PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd. hlm. 388. ISBN 978-967-366-064-3.
Ishaq, Ibn (2002). Guillaume, Alfred, ed. The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1.
Jacobs, Louis (1995). The Jewish Religion: A Companion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-826463-7.
Kelsay, John (1993). Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25302-8.
Khan, Majid Ali (1998). Muhammad The Final Messenger. New Delhi: Islamic Book Service. ISBN 978-81-85738-25-3.
Kochler, Hans (1982). Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity. I.P.O. ISBN 978-3-7003-0339-8.
Lapidus, Ira (2002). A History of Islamic Societies (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3.
Larsson, Göran (2003). Ibn Garcia's Shu'Ubiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval Al-Andalus. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12740-1.
Lewis, Bernard (2002) [1993]. The Arabs in History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280310-8.
Lewis, Bernard (1992). Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (edisi ke-Reprint). Oxford University Press, US. ISBN 978-0-19-505326-5.
Lewis, Bernard (21 January 1998). "Islamic Revolution". The New York Review of Books.
Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society. ISBN 978-0-946621-33-0. US edn. by Inner Traditions International, Ltd.
Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64696-3.
Momen, Moojan (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5.
Neusner, Jacob (2003). God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-910-5.
Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam:Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4.
Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (1992). Fatima the Gracious. Ansariyan Publications. ASIN B000BWQ7N6.
Peters, Francis Edward (1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 291–315. doi:10.1017/S0020743800056312.
Peters, Francis Edward (1994). Muhammad and the Origins of Islam. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1876-5.
Peters, Francis Edward (2003). Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11553-5.
Peters, Francis Edward (2003b). The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition. 1: The Peoples of God. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11460-9. ASIN: B0012385Z6. *Peters, Francis Edward (2003c). The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition. 2: The Words and Will of God. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11461-7.
Peters, Francis Edward (10 November 2010). Jesus and Muhammad: Parallel Tracks, Parallel Lives. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974746-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 June 2013. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2011.
Peterson, Daniel (2007). Muhammad, Prophet of God. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-0754-0.
Quinn, Frederick (2008). "The Prophet as Antichrist and Arab Lucifer (Early Times to 1600)". The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 17–54. ISBN 978-0-19-532563-8.
Rahman, Fazlur (1979). Islam. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-70281-0.
Ramadan, Tariq (2007). In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530880-8.
Reeves, Minou (2003). Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-7564-6.
Robin, Christian J. (2012). Arabia and Ethiopia. In The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-533693-1.
Robinson, David (2004). Muslim Societies in African History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82627-3.
Rodinson, Maxime (2002). Muhammad: Prophet of Islam. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 978-1-86064-827-4.
Rue, Loyal (2005). Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological. Rutgers. ISBN 978-0-8135-3955-3.
Serin, Muhittin (1998). Hattat Aziz Efendi. Istanbul. ISBN 978-975-7663-03-4. OCLC 51718704.
Sikand, Yoginder (2004). Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-415-31486-2.
Spellberg, Denise A. (1996). Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of 'A'isha Bint Abi Bakr (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. hlm. 39–40. ISBN 978-0-231-07999-0.
Stillman, Norman A. (1979). The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Jewish Publication Society. hlm. 236. ISBN 978-0-8276-0198-7.
Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn. AL-MIZAN:AN EXEGESIS OF THE QUR'AN, translation by S. Saeed Rizvi. WOFIS. ISBN 978-964-6521-14-8.
Teed, Peter (1992). A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-211676-5.
Turner, Colin (2005). Islam: The Basics. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34106-6.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1953). Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-577277-7. ASIN: B000IUA52A.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1961). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-881078-0.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1964). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198810780. OCLC 2756451.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1974). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-881078-4.
"Muḥammad".The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.(2009).Ed. John L. Esposito.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wijdan, Ali (28 August 1999). "From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th century Ottoman Art". Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art (7): 1–24.
Willis, John Ralph, ed. (2013). Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: Islam and the Ideology of Enslavement. 1. New York: Routledge. hlm. vii–xi, 3–26. ISBN 978-0-7146-3142-4.

Insiklupidia Islam[babak | babak asal-mulanya]

"Muḥammad".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)7.(1993).Brill.360–376.
Watt, W. Montgomery(1971). "Ḥalīma Bint Abī Ḏh̲uʾayb".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)3.Brill.
Watt, W. Montgomery(1960). "Āmina".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)1.Brill.
Abel, Armand(1960). "Baḥīrā".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)1.Brill.
Arafat, W.(1960). "Bilāl b. Rabāḥ".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)1.Brill.
"Waḥy".Encyclopaedia of Islam(2nd)11.(2002).Brill.

[1] "Early Years". Al-Islam.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2018.

[2] Howarth, Stephen. Knights Templar. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8264-8034-7 p. 199.

[FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009-3] Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009.

[FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5-4] Esposito 2002, hlm. 4–5.

[FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12-5] Esposito 1998, hlm. 9,12.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Biografi ^(id)

Ngaran dalam basa asal	(ar) أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ
Diranakakan	(ar) مُحَمَّدٌ Makkah ^(id)
Kamatian	8 Juni 632 (61 tahun ^(id) terjemahkan) Madinah ^(id)
Tempat pemakaman ^(id)	Makam Muhammad ^(id) Kubah Hijau ^(id)
Agama ^(id)	Hanif ^(id) wan Islam
Kegiatan ^(id)
Gawian	Malahakan, consignor ^(en) , pedagang ^(id) , Nabi Islam ^(id) , pengkhotbah ^(id) , politikus ^(id) wan military leader ^(en)
Tertarik dengan ^(id)	Monoteisme ^(id) , Islam, Al-Qur'an wan Islamic state ^(en)
Murid ^(id)	Anas bin Malik ^(id) , Abdullah bin Abbas ^(id) wan `Uqbah bin Amir ^(id)
Konflik ^(id)	Daftar ekspedisi Muhammad ^(id) , Pertempuran Badar ^(id) , Pertempuran Uhud ^(id) , Pertempuran Khandaq ^(id) , Pertempuran Khaibar ^(id) , Pertempuran Hunain ^(id) wan Ekspedisi Tabuk ^(id)
Karya kreatif ^(id)
Karya terkenal ^(id) (631) Al-Qur'an
Keluarga ^(id)
Keluarga ^(id)	Bani Hasyim ^(id)
Pasangan nikah ^(id)	Khadijah binti Khuwailid ^(id) (595–619) Saudah binti Zum'ah ^(id) (619–632) Aisyah ^(id) (619–632) Hafshah binti Umar ^(id) (624–632) Zainab binti Khuzaimah ^(id) (625–627) Zainab binti Jahsy ^(id) (627–632) Juwairiyah binti al-Harits ^(id) (628–632) Ramlah binti Abu Sufyan ^(id) (628–632) Raihanah binti Zaid ^(id) (629–631) Shafiyah binti Huyay ^(id) (629–632) Hindun binti Abi Umayyah ^(id) (629–632) Maria al-Qabtiyya ^(id) (630–632) Maimunah binti al-Harits ^(id) (630–632)
Anak ^(id)	Abd-Allah bin Muhammad ^(id) Qasim bin Muhammad ^(id) Ibrahim bin Muhammad ^(id) Zainab binti Muhammad ^(id) Ruqayyah binti Muhammad ^(id) Ummu Kultsum binti Muhammad ^(id) Fatimah az-Zahra ^(id)
Kuitan	Abdullah bin Syaibah ^(id) , Aminah binti Wahab ^(id)
Saudara ^(id)	tanpa nilai
Kerabat ^(id)	Ali bin Abi Thalib ^(id) (son-in-law ^(en) , male pure masculine first cousin ^(en) ) Halimah As-Sa'diyah ^(id) (milk kinship ^(en) ) Hamzah bin Abdul-Muththalib ^(id) (paternal uncle ^(en) , milk kinship ^(en) ) Abu Thalib ^(id) (paternal uncle ^(en) ) Syaibah bin Hâsyim ^(id) (kakek dari pihak ayah ^(id) ) Hasan bin Ali ^(id) (daughter's son ^(en) ) Husain bin Ali ^(id) (daughter's son ^(en) ) Zainab binti Ali ^(id) (daughter's daughter ^(en) )