Waja tahan tagar
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Waja tahan tagar atawa nang rancak dipinandui lawan ngaran Stainless steel[1][2] kalumpuk lugam nang babahan dasar wasi wan campuran nang baisi paling kada kikira 11% kromium,[3][4] sabuting campuran nang kawa mancagah wasi jadi batagar[5] wan jua maulah wasi tadi jadi tahan panas.[6][7] Bamacam janis waja tahan tagar baisi kandung palihan karbon (matan 0.03% sampai labih pada 1.00%), nitrogen, aluminium, silikon, sulfur, titanium, nikel, tambaga, selenium, niobium, wan molybdenum.[3] Sapalih macam waja tahan tagar rancak diulah lawan talung buting angka, cuntuhnya adalah waja tahan tagar 304.
Katahanan matan pangikisan waja tahan tagar adalah hasil adanya kandungan kromium wan lugam-lugam campuran nang maulah pasivasi kimia nang malindungi bahan dasar matan sarangan pangikisan wan kawa mawagasakan sasaurang wayah ada uksigen.[3] Katahanan pangikisan kawa ditingkatakan ka tingkat nang tatinggi lawan cara:
- maningkatakan bahan kromium nang ada ka tingkat di atas 11%;[4]
- tambahan 8% atawa nang tatinggi lagi matan nikel;[4] wan
- panambahan molybdenum (nang baguna gasan manambah katahanan matan pangikisan luang.[4]
Panambahan nitrugin maningkatakan jua lawan katahanan matan pangikisan luang wan manaikakan kakuatan mikanis.[4] Jadi, banyak tingkatan waja tahan tagar nang baisi tingkatan kromium wan molybdenum gasan manyasuaiakan kaparluan matan waja tahan tagar tadi.[8]
Efek bagi kasihatan
[babak | babak asal-mulanya]Bamasak
[babak | babak asal-mulanya]Waja tahan tagar biasanya kada babahaya gasan kasihatan makhluk hidup, tapi sapalihan urang ada nang kada tahan kawa mandapati iritasi kulit maraga alergi nikel lawan sapalihan lugam tatantu.
Waja tahan tagar manyarap nikel wan kromium dalam jumlah halus haratan bamasak.[9]
Pangalasan
[babak | babak asal-mulanya]Ada panalitian luas nang manampaiakan bahwa mahirup asap pangalasan waja tahan tagar maningkatakan risiku takana panyakit kanker (pasnya kanker paparu).[10][11]
Catatan Batis
[babak | babak asal-mulanya]- ^ Peckner, Donald; Bernstein, I.M. (1977). Handbook of Stainless Steels. McGraw Hill. ISBN 9780070491472.
- ^ Cobb, Harold M. (2010). The History of Stainless Steel. Materials Park, OH: ASM International. ISBN 9781615030118. Diakses tanggal March 8, 2020.
- ^ a b c Davis, Joseph R. (ed.) (1994). Stainless Steels. ASM Specialty Handbook. Materials Park, OH: ASM International. ISBN 9780871705037. Diakses tanggal March 8, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e ISSF Staff (8 March 2020). "The Stainless Steel Family" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: International Stainless Steel Forum. hlm. 1, of 5. Diakses tanggal 8 March 2020.
- ^ Rust refers to hydrated forms of ferric oxide, that is, to the "reddish brittle coating formed on iron especially when chemically attacked by moist air", see Merriam-Webster.com, op. cit.
- ^ "Definition of RUST". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ "Corrosion | chemical process". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ Chapter 05: Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels https://www.imoa.info/download_files/stainless-steel/issf/educational/Module_05_Corrosion_Resistance_of_Stainless_Steels_en.pdf
- ^ Safe Cookware
- ^ Langård, S. and R.M. Stern, "Nickel in welding fumes--a cancer hazard to welders? A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in welders," 1984, IARC Scientific Publications 1984;(53):95-103, summarized on website of National Institutes of Health, retrieved March 16, 2020
- ^ Lauritsen, J.M., K.S. Hansen, and A. Skytthe: "Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers," October 1996, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, pp.373-82, summarized on website of National Institutes of Health, retrieved March 16, 2020