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Ma-ulah tungkaran nang isinya '''''Garakan Taliban''', rancak jua disambat lawan ngaran '''Taliban''' wara atawa '''Taleban''' (basa Persia wan Pashtun طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21}}</ref> matan bantuk jamak bahasa Arab: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), bubuhan anggutanya manyam...''
 
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{{Infobox war faction
|name = Taliban
|native_name = طالبان (ṭālibān)
|native_name_lang = ps
|war = {{plainlist|
* [[Perang di Afghanistan (1978–sekarang)|Perang di Afghanistan]]
* [[Perang Melawan Teror]]}}
|image = [[Berkas:Flag of Taliban.svg|tepi|260px]]
|caption = Bendera Taliban menampilkan [[syahadat]]
|founders = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[Kematian karena sebab alami|#]]
* [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]]
}}
|leaders = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[Kematian karena sebab alami|#]] (1994–2013)
* [[Akhtar Mansour]]{{KIA}} (2015–2016)
* [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] (2016–sekarang)
}}
|allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg|size=23px}} [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]
|clans =Kebanyakan [[Pashtun]];<ref name="Giustozzi">{{cite book|last=Giustozzi|first=Antonio|title=Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70112-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249 249]|url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249}}</ref><ref name="Clements0">{{cite book|last=Clements|first=Frank A.|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict)|url=https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-402-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866/page/n257 219]}}</ref> minoritas [[Tajik]], [[Turkmen]], dan [[Uzbek]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bezhan|first=Frud|title=Ethnic Minorities Are Fueling the Taliban's Expansion in Afghanistan|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/15/ethnic-minorities-are-fueling-the-talibans-expansion-in-afghanistan/|access-date=2021-08-26|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/the-non-pashtun-taleban-of-the-north-a-case-study-from-badakhshan/|title=The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network|website=www.Afghanistan-Analysts.org|date=3 January 2017|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[Jihadisme]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman, Bradley and McMaster, H.R. |date=15 August 2021 |title=In Afghanistan, the Tragic Toll of Washington Delusion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-withdrawal-biden-human-rights-terrorist-jihadist-islamist-taliban-kabul-11629044191 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |quote=The Taliban militants display the jihadist group's flag after taking control of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Aug. 15. |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
|[[Fundamentalisme Islam]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |last=Whine |first=Michael |date=1 September 2001 |title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=54–72 |doi=10.1080/714005450 |s2cid=146940668}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{Cite book |last=Maley |first=William |title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban |publisher=C Hurst & Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-85065-360-8 |page=14}}</ref><ref name=Stanford/><ref name="Turbulent">{{Cite book |last=Ogata |first=Sadako N. |url=https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada |title=The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s |date=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-05773-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada/page/286 286] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Melissa">{{Cite news |last=McNamara |first=Melissa |date=31 August 2006 |title=The Taliban In Afghanistan |publisher=CBS |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-taliban-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
|[[Islamisme]] [[Deobandi]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2013 |title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups? |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009 |website=digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="Maley2-14" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895 |website=oxfordislamicstudies.com}}</ref>
|[[Nasionalisme agama]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Taliban |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509205345/http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 |access-date=7 April 2015 |website=National Counterterrorism Center}}</ref>
|[[Pashtunwali]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com" /><ref>Rashid, ''Taliban'' (2000)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2010 |title=Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies |url=http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109110349/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |archive-date=9 November 2010 |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=Csis.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2013 |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |url=http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=CF2R}}</ref>}}
|area = [[File:Panjshir conflict.png|230px]]<div style="text-align: left;">
{{legend|#d7efd7|Di bawah kendali Taliban}}</div>
{{legend|#a9a8e3|Di bawah kendali [[Perlawanan Panjshir]]}}
|size = Kekuatan inti -{{plainlist|
* 45.000 (perk. 2001)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |access-date=26 November 2009 |website=US Gov Info |publisher=About.com}}</ref>
* 11.000 (perk. 2008)<ref>[http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110234907/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html |date=10 January 2015 }}. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref>
* 36.000 (perk. 2010)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Fiona |last2=Coates |first2=Sam |last3=Savage |first3=Michael |date=3 March 2010 |title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000 |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece}}</ref>
* 60.000 (perk. 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703023519/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |archive-date=3 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Voice of America }}</ref>
* 60.000<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point}}</ref> (perk. 2017 tidak termasuk 90.000 milisi lokal dan 50.000 elemen pendukung)
* 75.000 (perk. 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708214308/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131719/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901043600/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |archive-date=2021-09-01 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=NBC News |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 ([[Keamiran Islam Afganistan (1996–2001)|pemerintahan pertama]])<br />2002–2021 ([[pemberontak]]) <br />2021–sekarang (pemerintahan kedua)
|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)
|area = [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]]<ref name="PakistanTaliban">Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>
|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S. commanders."''</ref><br /> 36,000 (2010 est.)<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece|location=London|work=The Times|title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000|date=2010-03-03|first1=Fiona|last1=Hamilton|first2=Sam|last2=Coates|first3=Michael|last3=Savage}}</ref>
|previous = Murid dari [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
|allies ='''Negara Sekutu''' {{plainlist|
* {{flag|Pakistan}} (sampai 2001, tertuduh saat ini, ditolak)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/367|title=The Taliban – Mapping Militant Organizations|website=web.stanford.edu|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[New York Times]]|title=Taliban Leader Feared Pakistan Before He Was Killed
|date=9 August 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/world/asia/taliban-leader-feared-pakistan-before-he-was-killed.html}}</ref>
* {{flag|Qatar}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar's Dirty Hands|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/450093/qatar-supports-islamists-threatens-american-middle-east-allies|date=3 August 2017|work=[[National Review]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[Pajhwok Afghan News]]|date=7 August 2017|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2017/08/07/saudi-has-evidence-qatar-supports-taliban-envoy|title=Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy}}</ref><ref name="Scroll"/>
* {{flag|Iran}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Middle East Institute]]|title=Iranian Support for Taliban Alarms Afghan Officials|date=9 January 2017|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-support-taliban-alarms-afghan-officials|quote=Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it.}}</ref><ref name="mansouriran">{{Cite web|last=Kugelman|first=Michael|title=What Was Mullah Mansour Doing in Iran?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/mullah-mansour-iran-afghanistan-taliban-drone/|url-status=live|website=foreignpolicy.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Iran Backs Taliban With Cash and Arms| url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-backs-taliban-with-cash-and-arms-1434065528| website = The Wall Street Journal | date = 11 June 2015| access-date = 13 June 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cina}} (tertuduh)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/03/chinas-man-in-the-taliban-mullah-omar/ |title=China's Man in the Taliban |last=Small |first=Andrew |date=23 August 2015 |work=[[Foreign Policy]] Argument |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6975934.stm |title=Taleban 'getting Chinese arms' |last=Danahar |first=Paul |date=3 September 2007 |work=[[BBC]] |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>
* {{flag|Rusia}} (tertuduh oleh Amerika Serikat, Rusia menolak keterlibatan dengan Taliban)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41842285|title=Is Russia arming the Afghan Taliban?|work=BBC News|date=April 2018}}</ref>
* {{flag|Arab Saudi}} (tertuduh sampai 2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/09/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-turn-away-from-the-taliban/|title=What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?|first=Samuel Ramani, The|last=Diplomat|website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref name="Scroll">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/862284/why-did-saudi-arabia-and-qatar-allies-of-the-us-continue-to-fund-the-taliban-after-the-2001-war|title=Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?|work=scroll.in|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>
}}

'''Garakan Taliban''', rancak jua disambat lawan ngaran '''Taliban''' wara atawa '''Taleban''' ([[Basa Persia Apganistan|basa Persia]] wan [[Basa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21}}</ref> matan bantuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), bubuhan anggutanya manyambat urganisasinya sacara rasmi sawagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Apganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> adalah garakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pandukung [[Pashtun]] nang sacara efektif manguasai parak sabarataan dairah [[Apganistan]] matan [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] imbah ngitu bakuasa pulang di Apganistan pas 2021. Wayah ngini, Taliban adalah sabuting matan dua kubu pulitik nang sama-sama barabut sawagai pamarintah nang sah matan Apganistan, lain pada bubuhan Republik. Sapalihan nagara wan urganisasi internasional mancap garakan ngini sawagai urganisasi tiruris.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|website=Public Safety Canada|access-date=20 Agustus 2021}}</ref>
'''Garakan Taliban''', rancak jua disambat lawan ngaran '''Taliban''' wara atawa '''Taleban''' ([[Basa Persia Apganistan|basa Persia]] wan [[Basa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21}}</ref> matan bantuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), bubuhan anggutanya manyambat urganisasinya sacara rasmi sawagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Apganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> adalah garakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pandukung [[Pashtun]] nang sacara efektif manguasai parak sabarataan dairah [[Apganistan]] matan [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] imbah ngitu bakuasa pulang di Apganistan pas 2021. Wayah ngini, Taliban adalah sabuting matan dua kubu pulitik nang sama-sama barabut sawagai pamarintah nang sah matan Apganistan, lain pada bubuhan Republik. Sapalihan nagara wan urganisasi internasional mancap garakan ngini sawagai urganisasi tiruris.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|website=Public Safety Canada|access-date=20 Agustus 2021}}</ref>


Ralatan matan 26 Siptimbir 2021 18.06

{{Infobox war faction |name = Taliban |native_name = طالبان (ṭālibān) |native_name_lang = ps

|war =

|image = |caption = Bendera Taliban menampilkan syahadat

|founders =

|leaders =

|allegiance = Keamiran Islam Afganistan |clans =Kebanyakan Pashtun;[1][2] minoritas Tajik, Turkmen, dan Uzbek[3][4]

|ideology =

|area =

██ Di bawah kendali Taliban

██ Di bawah kendali Perlawanan Panjshir

|size = Kekuatan inti -

  • 45.000 (perk. 2001)[18]
  • 11.000 (perk. 2008)[19]
  • 36.000 (perk. 2010)[20]
  • 60.000 (perk. 2014)[21]
  • 60.000[22] (perk. 2017 tidak termasuk 90.000 milisi lokal dan 50.000 elemen pendukung)
  • 75.000 (perk. 2021)[23][24][25]

|active = 1994–1996 (milisi)
1996–2001 (pemerintahan pertama)
2002–2021 (pemberontak)
2021–sekarang (pemerintahan kedua) |headquarters =Kandahar, Afganistan (1994–2001) |area = Afganistan dan Pakistan[26] |strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)[27]
11,000 (2008 est.)[28]
36,000 (2010 est.)[29] |previous = Murid dari Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam

|allies =Negara Sekutu

Garakan Taliban, rancak jua disambat lawan ngaran Taliban wara atawa Taleban (basa Persia wan Pashtun طالبان;[42] matan bantuk jamak bahasa Arab: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), bubuhan anggutanya manyambat urganisasinya sacara rasmi sawagai Keamiran Islam Apganistan,[43] adalah garakan nasionalis Islam Deobandi pandukung Pashtun nang sacara efektif manguasai parak sabarataan dairah Apganistan matan 1996 sampai 2001 imbah ngitu bakuasa pulang di Apganistan pas 2021. Wayah ngini, Taliban adalah sabuting matan dua kubu pulitik nang sama-sama barabut sawagai pamarintah nang sah matan Apganistan, lain pada bubuhan Republik. Sapalihan nagara wan urganisasi internasional mancap garakan ngini sawagai urganisasi tiruris.[44]

Bubuhan Taliban diulah pas Séptémber 1994, mandapatakan dukungan matan Amerika Serikat wan Pakistan.[45] Déwan Kaamanan PBB manyambat kakadatujuan lawan bubuhan ngini maraga kejahatan buhannya nu warga nagara Iran wan Apghanistan.[45] Taliban manggawi bamacam aksi palanggaran HAM di Afghanistan.[45]

Kalumpuk ngini mandapatakan pangakuan diplomatik matan talu nagara: Uni Emirat Arab, Pakistan, wan Arab Saudi, lawan pamarintah Republik Chechnya Ichkeria mang kada diakui dunia. Angguta-angguta paling bapangaruh matan Taliban, tamasuk Mullah Mohammed Omar, pamimpin garakan ngini, adalah mullah desa (palajar yunior agama Islam), nang kabanyakannya balajar di madrasah di Pakistan. Garakan ngini tautama baasal matan Pashtun di Apganistan, lawan Prupinsi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa di Pakistan, wan jua tamasuk banyak sukarélawan matan Arab, Eurasia, lawan Asia Selatan.

Penggulingan 2001

Pemerintahan Taliban digulingkan oleh Amerika Serikat karena dituduh melindungi pemimpin Al Qaeda Osama Bin Laden yang juga dituduh Washington mendalangi serangan terhadap menara kembar WTC, New York pada tanggal 11 September 2001 bekerja sama dengan kubu Aliansi Utara.[45] Invasi ini dimulai pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan November 2001 dengan secara mengejutkan sehingga pihak Taliban langsung keluar dari ibu kota Afganistan, Kabul sehingga pihak Amerika relatif cepat dan mudah menguasainya. Sejak 2001, pasukan Amerika dan negara sekutu yang lain seperti Britania Raya dan Jerman mulai menduduki Afganistan untuk menumpas Taliban dan membantu menjaga keamanan negara.

Serangan 2021

Artikal utama: Serangan Taliban 2021

Pada Mei 2021, pasukan Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara sekutunya mulai menarik diri dari Afganistan secara bertahap. Karena peristiwa penarikan pasukan tersebut, Taliban kembali memberontak terhadap pemerintah Afganistan. Pemberontakan ini mengakibatkan ratusan hingga ribuan penduduk Afganistan harus mengungsi ke ibu kota Kabul. Beberapa diantaranya ada yang melarikan diri ke luar negeri khususnya ke Iran, Turki dan negara-negara Eropa.

Terkait dengan pemberontakan tersebut, Presiden Joe Biden kembali mengerahkan sekitar 3.000 personel militer AS untuk bekerja sama dengan militer Afganistan dalam melawan Taliban. Pasukan cadangan juga disiagakan di negara-negara terdekat seperti Kuwait, Arab Saudi dan Qatar.

Per 13 Agustus 2021, Taliban telah menguasai sepuluh wilayah Afganistan dalam kurun waktu enam hari. Kota-kota utama seperti Kandahar, Herat dan Jalalabad telah jatuh ke tangan Taliban.

Pada 15 Agustus 2021, pihak Taliban telah mengepung wilayah Kabul dan bernegosiasi dengan Pemerintah Afganistan terkait penyerahan kekuasaan secara damai. Akibat pengepungan tersebut, Presiden Ashraf Ghani dan beberapa diplomat AS di Afganistan segera dievakuasi dan meninggalkan Afganistan.

  1. ^ Giustozzi, Antonio (2009). Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field. Columbia University Press. hlm. 249. ISBN 978-0-231-70112-9. 
  2. ^ Clements, Frank A. (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict). ABC-CLIO. hlm. 219. ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8. 
  3. ^ Bezhan, Frud. "Ethnic Minorities Are Fueling the Taliban's Expansion in Afghanistan". Foreign Policy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2021-08-26. 
  4. ^ "The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network". www.Afghanistan-Analysts.org. 3 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 21 January 2018. 
  5. ^ Bowman, Bradley and McMaster, H.R. (15 August 2021). "In Afghanistan, the Tragic Toll of Washington Delusion". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021. The Taliban militants display the jihadist group's flag after taking control of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Aug. 15. 
  6. ^ Whine, Michael (1 September 2001). "Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 2 (2): 54–72. doi:10.1080/714005450. 
  7. ^ a b Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
  8. ^ a b Maley, William (2001). Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban. C Hurst & Co. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-1-85065-360-8. 
  9. ^ Kasalahan pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Stanford
  10. ^ Ogata, Sadako N. (2005). The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990sPerlu mendaftar (gratis). W. W. Norton & Company. hlm. 286. ISBN 978-0-393-05773-7. 
  11. ^ McNamara, Melissa (31 August 2006). "The Taliban In Afghanistan". CBS. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2016. 
  12. ^ a b "Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?". digitaljournal.com. 1 April 2013. 
  13. ^ "Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". oxfordislamicstudies.com. 
  14. ^ "Afghan Taliban". National Counterterrorism Center. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 May 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2015. 
  15. ^ Rashid, Taliban (2000)
  16. ^ "Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? | Center for Strategic and International Studies". Csis.org. 19 October 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 November 2010. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2014. 
  17. ^ "Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code". CF2R. 30 November 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2014. 
  18. ^ "Taliban and the Northern Alliance". US Gov Info. About.com. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2009. 
  19. ^ 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil Archived 10 Januari 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  20. ^ Hamilton, Fiona; Coates, Sam; Savage, Michael (3 March 2010). "MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000". The Times. London. 
  21. ^ "Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency". Voice of America. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 July 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 July 2014. 
  22. ^ "Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. 14 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2021. 
  23. ^ "Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan". The White House. 8 July 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 July 2021. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021. 
  24. ^ "Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations". The New York Times. 14 August 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021. 
  25. ^ "Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs". NBC News. 16 August 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-01. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021. 
  26. ^ Pajhwok Afghan News, Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan).
  27. ^ "Taliban and the Northern Alliance". Usgovinfo.about.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-11-26. 
  28. ^ 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil "There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents, according to U.S. commanders."
  29. ^ Hamilton, Fiona; Coates, Sam; Savage, Michael (2010-03-03). "MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000". The Times. London. 
  30. ^ "The Taliban – Mapping Militant Organizations". web.stanford.edu. Diakses tanggal 20 February 2019. 
  31. ^ "Taliban Leader Feared Pakistan Before He Was Killed". New York Times. 9 August 2017. 
  32. ^ "Qatar's Dirty Hands". National Review. 3 August 2017. 
  33. ^ "Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy". Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 August 2017. 
  34. ^ a b "Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?". scroll.in. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2018. 
  35. ^ "Iranian Support for Taliban Alarms Afghan Officials". Middle East Institute. 9 January 2017. Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it. 
  36. ^ Kugelman, Michael. "What Was Mullah Mansour Doing in Iran?". foreignpolicy.com. 
  37. ^ "Iran Backs Taliban With Cash and Arms". The Wall Street Journal. 11 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015. 
  38. ^ Small, Andrew (23 August 2015). "China's Man in the Taliban". Foreign Policy Argument. Diakses tanggal 26 July 2019. 
  39. ^ Danahar, Paul (3 September 2007). "Taleban 'getting Chinese arms'". BBC. Diakses tanggal 26 July 2019. 
  40. ^ "Is Russia arming the Afghan Taliban?". BBC News. April 2018. 
  41. ^ Diplomat, Samuel Ramani, The. "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?". The Diplomat. 
  42. ^ "طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟". هشت صبح (dalam bahasa Persia). 2013-06-23. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-21. 
  43. ^ Directorate of Intelligence (2001). "CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan" (mirror). Diakses tanggal 7 March 2008. note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 
  44. ^ "Currently listed entities". Public Safety Canada. Diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2021. 
  45. ^ a b c d Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391
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